Reduce the Risk of Hypertension with a Ketogenic Diet

Blood pressure may be on your mind daily if you deal with the common struggle of trying to lower your high blood pressure. But what exactly is blood pressure? Here is the textbook definition:

“Blood pressure: the force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the contained blood.”^[1]

Blood Pressure Explained

When the heart pumps blood, it produces blood flow. Blood pressure results when that flow is opposed by resistance. Sources of resistance to flow include blood viscosity (the thickness of the blood), blood vessel length, and blood vessel diameter (i.e., fatty plaques deposited in the artery may reduce diameter). Pressure is the greatest in the large arteries that receive the blood directly from the pumping heart.

Systolic blood pressure is the pressure in the aorta (the large artery connected to the heart) that occurs when the heart releases blood during a contraction. Systolic blood pressure is the highest blood pressure in the body and 120 mm Hg is considered a normal resting value in healthy adults.

Diastolic blood pressure is the lowest pressure in the aorta that occurs when the heart relaxes and stops releasing blood into the vessel. 80 mm Hg is considered a normal resting diastolic blood pressure in healthy adults.

Blood pressure is less as the blood moves through the body. The gradient from high to low pressure is extremely important as it keeps the blood moving in the right direction through the body, from areas of high to areas of lower pressure.^[1]

Hypertension

Hypertension occurs when blood pressure is chronically elevated and is defined as a resting systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg. Hypertension is known as the “Silent Killer”. Why? Because individuals may have hypertension for years without any symptoms or side effects. However, the many symptom-less years of elevated blood pressure results in increased strain on the heart and damaged arteries which commonly leads to serious and fatal conditions like heart failure, renal failure, and stroke.

Reducing Blood Pressure Through Diet

Low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets have been examined in the research as an intervention to lower blood pressure and related variables. Research studies are mixed in their findings, as some show no change in blood pressure,^[2][3]some show a reduction in diastolic blood pressure,^[4][5] and some show a reduction in systolic blood pressure.^[6][7][8] However, all of the studies demonstrate improved health markers that are related to blood pressure.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]}

For instance, KDs have been shown to reduce the risk for plaque formation in the arteries by lowering total cholesterol, increasing the “good” HDL cholesterol, and reducing triglycerides in the circulation.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]} When plaques form in the artery from circulating cholesterol and lipids, the diameter of the artery becomes smaller which increases blood pressure. Also, diabetes and obesity are risk factors for hypertension, which may both improve after implementing a KD.^{[2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10]}

Some individuals are more genetically predisposed to higher blood pressures and should be very careful of the environmental factors that may contribute to hypertension. Individuals predisposed to hypertension include those with hypertensive parents as well as specific races such as African Americans. Environmental factors that may increase the risk for developing hypertension include poor diet, obesity, >40 years old, diabetes, high stress, and smoking.^[1] The environmental factors that you can control are diet, obesity, type 2 diabetes, stress level, and smoking.

Therefore, individuals with hypertension or predisposed to hypertension may benefit in many ways by incorporating and maintaining a KD into their lifestyle. A KD may eliminate many of the controllable environmental factors associated with increased risk for hypertension including appropriate diet, reducing obesity and type 2 diabetes, and possibly even reducing stress level via reductions in anxiety.^[11] It is important to discuss these findings with your doctor and figure out a plan to reduce chronically elevated blood pressure before more serious conditions occur.